Iron fist policy, effectiveness and reduction of violence in Honduras and El Salvador

Abstract

Abstract. Violence has had profound repercussions in the Northern Triangle of Central America, particularly due to a surge in homicides, leading Honduras and El Salvador to become among the most insecure nations. Consequently, security policies were instituted to address this issue with a firm response. This study delves into the genesis of these "iron fist" policies implemented in both countries, examining their application and efficacy during the tenures of Juan Hernández (2014-2022) and Nayib Bukele (2019-2023) respectively. Through a bibliographic review and documentary analysis of scholarly articles, statistics, and news reports on security policies, the research evaluates their impact. While the implementation of the "mano dura" strategy resulted in a reduction in homicides in both nations, both administrations faced criticism for human rights violations and excessive use of force. Ultimately, the approaches adopted by both governments involved excessive militarization of citizen security and a neglect of preventative measures, relying instead on inducing widespread fear to maintain control.