What needs to be done to mitigate the effects of climate change in Latin America? A review

Abstract

The capitalist system has been associated to an exhaustion of fossil fuels, alarming levels of pollution, notable deterioration in the quality and quantity of natural resources, an upset of ecosystems, and climate change (CC). Latin America (LATAM) contributes more than 60% of the biodiversity that supports humanity and all life on Earth. The region is also characterized by its growing poverty and economic, social, and environmental vulnerability. These realities motivated this research in order to identify if the actions taken, will restrain or slow down CC, will preserve natural resources in LATAM and its results. Methods. A literature search of academic and institutional publications from 1970 to 2020 including these issues as their topics. Discussion. Methodologies of hydrometeorological event simulations and their effects were found, as well as public policies, and programs implemented by international organizations for LATAM countries. The public awareness of the situation is weak, as is population´s participation. Only some countries have information available on methodologies, mitigation actions and adaptive measures, and they have few training programs on these topics either. Conclusion. A comprehensive strategy is required to mitigate climate change in Latin America, including population and their opinions, as well as previous experience with public policy and assistance programs about the problem, strengthening their capabilities and tools at both the local and regional levels.