Malnutrition in Honduras during COVID-19: the obesogenic environment and hidden hunger

Abstract

Although lockdowns are an effective measure used to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is no doubt that they have had a devastating economic impact. As a result, there has been a global increase in famine, malnutrition, and food insecurity, especially in low- and middle-income countries. However, the risk that the COVID-19 pandemic will increase rates of obesity and micronutrient deficiency is also high, and this is an issue that is not being discussed publicly. Globally, one in three people is overweight or obese, including children and adolescents (Global Nutrition Report, 2020). Honduras is not exempt from this problem, as 51.3% of women of childbearing age suffer from this condition, affecting them regardless of their socioeconomic status (see Table 1). Furthermore, in Honduras, 15% of women of childbearing age were found to have iron-deficiency anemia, with the prevalence being even higher among women with higher incomes (National Health and Demographic Survey 2011–2012, 2013). A person whose weight falls within the normal range—and even someone who is obese—can simultaneously be malnourished. This occurs due to chronic consumption of a monotonous diet high in carbohydrates and fats but low in protein and micronutrients, leading to micronutrient deficiencies or “hidden hunger.”